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class=\"font_2\" style=\"font-size: 21px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size:21px\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">Pathogen emergence &amp; spread</span></span></h2>\n","stylesMapId":"CK_EDITOR_PARAGRAPH_STYLES","linkList":[]},"dataItem-io3br22m":{"type":"StyledText","id":"dataItem-io3br22m","metaData":{"isPreset":false,"schemaVersion":"1.0","isHidden":false},"text":"<h5 class=\"font_5\" style=\"font-size:32px; line-height:1.2em\"><span style=\"color:#4572C2;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing:-0.02em\"><span style=\"font-size:32px\">Pathogen emergence and spread &ndash; prevention and mitigation of risks</span></span></span></h5>\n\n<h5 class=\"font_5\" style=\"line-height:1.2em\"><span style=\"color:#045184\"><span style=\"letter-spacing:-0.02em\"><span class=\"inherit-font-size\" style=\"font-size:34px\"><span class=\"wixGuard\">​</span></span></span></span></h5>\n","stylesMapId":"CK_EDITOR_PARAGRAPH_STYLES","linkList":[]},"dataItem-io3br22q":{"type":"StyledText","id":"dataItem-io3br22q","metaData":{"isPreset":false,"schemaVersion":"1.0","isHidden":false},"text":"<p class=\"font_8\" style=\"font-size:16px\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:din-next-w01-light,din-next-w02-light,din-next-w10-light,sans-serif\">CREID investigators use the evolutionary analysis of whole genome sequencing of selected pathogens as a common framework for the &ldquo;genomic risk assessment&rdquo; of pathogen emergence and spread. Identifying high-risk lineages and &ldquo;clones&rdquo; will more accurately inform public health responses to new outbreaks. A novel genomic risk assessment involves evolutionary analysis of microbial whole genome sequences to identify markers of potential emergence and spread.&nbsp;<br />\n<br />\nExemplar pathogens represent different routes of transmission:&nbsp;<br />\n&bull; Vector-borne (arboviruses such as Dengue virus, Chikungunya viruses, and Zika virus)<br />\n&bull; Enteric/foodborne (<span style=\"font-style:italic\">Salmonella</span>)<br />\n&bull; Respiratory (influenza viruses, enteroviruses, <span style=\"font-style:italic\">Streptococcus pneumoniae</span>)<br />\n&bull; Health care-associated (methicillin-resistant <span style=\"font-style:italic\">Staphylococcus aureus</span>; multi-resistant <span style=\"font-style:italic\">Klebsiella pneumonia)</span><br />\n<br />\nPathogen evolution is driven by different selection and distribution pressures:<br />\n&bull; Travel/trade (arboviruses; <span style=\"font-style:italic\">Salmonella</span>)<br />\n&bull; Population immunity (influenza viruses, <span style=\"font-style:italic\">S. pneumoniae</span>, enteroviruses);&nbsp;<br />\n&bull; Antimicrobial use/abuse (healthcare associated pathogens; <span style=\"font-style:italic\">S. pneumoniae, Salmonella</span>).&nbsp;<br />\n<br />\nAll pathogens under investigation are affected by environmental and socioeconomic factors, such as overcrowding (including in healthcare settings), environmental hygiene and infection control measures and climate.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span></p>\n\n<p class=\"font_8\" style=\"font-size:16px\"><span style=\"color:#000000\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\"><span style=\"font-family:din-next-w01-light,din-next-w02-light,din-next-w10-light,sans-serif\"><span class=\"wixGuard\">​</span></span></span></span><br 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